BTRON MicroScript Reference Manual

_____This compares numerical value array variables with each other, and then returns with an integer whether they match or not. In a case where array variable 1 is greater, it returns 1; in a case where array variable 2 is greater, it returns -1; and in a case where array variable 1 and array variable 2 match, it returns 0.

_____The comparison is carried out in order from the nth element "(beginning, 0)" of "start expression 1" of "array variable 1" and the nth element "(beginning, 0)" of "start expression 2" of "array variable 2." As long as the contents of the array variables match, the comparison will continue, but in a case of length expression > 0, it will compare up to the extent of the element number shown in the length expression, and if they match, it will return 0. Moreover, also in a case where either array variable reaches the end, 0 returns. In the end, what is actually compared are just the shortest numbers among the length expression, the element numbers following start expression 1 of array variable 1, and the element numbers following start expression 2 of array variable 2 (in a case where the length expression is 0, the shortest of the element numbers following start expression 1 of array variable 1 and the element numbers following start expression 2 of array variable 2).

_____For example, in the case of VARIABLE Array1 [20], Array2 [20], acmp (Array1, 5, Array2, 10, 0) comes to compare Array1 [5:10] and Array2 [10:10] by combining with the element number of Array2. With acmp (Array1, 5, Array2 10, 5), it will come to compare Array1 [5:5] and Array2 [10:5] by combining with the length expression. With acmp (Array1, 15, Array2 5, 10), it will come to compare Array1 [15:5] and Array2 [5:5] by combining with the element number of Array1.

_____As a word of caution, when it's VARIABLE Array1 [20], Array2 [20], acmp (Array1, 15, Array2, 5, 10) compares Array1 [15:5] and Array2 [5:5], but if even Array1 [15:5] and Array2 [5:5] match, the function ignores the remaining part of Array2 and returns 0. When Array2 is larger, it will not make a judgment and return -1.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Refer to explanation	Integer/illegal value

Please specify the integer item

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression.

Please specify the numerical value array

What can be specified in array variable 1 and array variable 2 are byte, character, integer, and floating point number arrays only.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an illegal argument in the built-in function

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression. Please specify an integer.

Moreover, in a case where start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression are negative; or in a case a case where start expression 1 or start expression 2 are above the element number of an array variable, this error also occurs. Please specify with 0 or a positive for start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression.

Please confirm also whether the types of array variable 1 and array variable 2 are the same (refer to ' : ', p. 52), and whether you have specified byte, character, integer, or floating point number arrays.

There was an illegal reference to a state name

A segment has been specified in array variable 1 or array variable 2. What can be specified in array variables are are byte, character, integer, and floating point number arrays only.

Case where start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression are incorrect

Please specify 0 or a positive integer in start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression.

Case of a start expression being above the element number of the array variable

Please specify a value less than the element number of the array variable in the start expression.

Case of array variable 1 and array variable 2 not being the same type of numerical value array

Please specify the same type of array, whether byte, character, integer, or floating point number, in array variable 1 and array variable 2.

The translator had some difficulty understanding this function, and thus he contacted Personal Media for a further explanation. Here is their reply.

_____

The "length expression" is the length to be compared in the case of acmp, and the length to be copied in the case of acopy.

_____

(Ex.) In the case of acmp (a, 20, b, 30, 10), it compares:

_____

a[20] and b[30], a[21] and b[31], a[22] and b[32], a[23] and b[33], a[24] and b[34],
a[25] and b[35], a[26] and b[36], a[27] and b[37], a[28] and b[38], a[29] and b[39]

_____

However, in a case where you have specified 0 in the "length expression," it will compare until the end of the arrays.

_____

(Ex.) In the case where the number of elements in arrays c and d is 5, acmp (c, 0, d, 0, 0) compares:

_____

c[0] and d[0], c[1] and d[1], c[2] and d[2], c[3] and d[3], c[4] and d[4]

_____

In other words, in a case where the number of elements in arrays c and d is 5, acmp (c, 0, d, 0, 0) and acmp (c, 0, d, 0, 5) mean the same thing.

_____

As for the length of the arrays, Personal Media stated:

_____

In a case where you have specified an array with A[20], there are 20 elements in the array. These are: A[0], . . . , A[19].

_____This substitutes individual elements of array variable 2 into array variable 1. Actually, it returns the substituted element numbers. What can be specified are byte, character, integer, and floating point number arrays only.

_____Substitution is carried out in order from the nth element "(beginning, 0)" of "start expression 1" of "array variable 1" and the nth element "(beginning, 0)" of "start expression 2" of "array variable 2." In a case of length expression > 0, it will substitute up to the extent of the element number shown in the length expression. In a case of length expression = 0, it will substitute up to the end. In the end, what is actually substituted are just the shortest numbers among the length expression, the element numbers following start expression 1 of array variable 1, and the element numbers following start expression 2 of array variable 2 (in a case where the length expression is 0, the shortest of the element numbers following start expression 1 of array variable 1 and the element numbers following start expression 2 of array variable 2).

_____For example, in the case of VARIABLE Array1 [20], Array2 [20], acopy (Array1, 5, Array2, 10, 0) comes to substitute Array2 [10:10] into Array1 [5:10] by combining with the element number of Array2. With acopy (Array1, 5, Array2 10, 5), it will come to substitute Array2 [10:5] into Array1 [5:5] by combining with the length expression. With acopy (Array1, 15, Array2 5, 10), it will come to substitute Array2 [5:5] into Array1 [15:5] by combining with the element number of Array1.

_____Differing with a case where we have specified an array section with the SET statement, with the acopy function, even if we specify the same variable in array variable 1 and array variable 2, substitution will take place normally.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Refer to explanation	Integer/illegal value

The SET format is illegal

When you want to use the acopy function as a statement, please make it in the format of CALL acopy ( ).

Please specify the integer item

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression.

Please specify the numerical value array

What can be specified in array variable 1 and array variable 2 are byte, character, integer, and floating point number arrays only.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an illegal argument in the built-in function

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression. Please specify an integer.

Moreover, in a case where start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression are negative; or in a case a case where start expression 1 or start expression 2 are above the element number of an array variable, this error also occurs. Please specify with 0 or a positive for start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression.

Please confirm also whether the types of array variable 1 and array variable 2 are the same (refer to ' : ', p. 52), and whether you have specified byte, character, integer, or floating point number arrays.

There was an illegal reference to a state name

A segment has been specified in array variable 1 or array variable 2. What can be specified in array variables are byte, character, integer, and floating point number arrays only.

Case where start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression are incorrect

Please specify 0 or a positive integer in start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression.

Case of a start expression being above the element number of the array variable

Please specify a value less than the element number of the array variable in the start expression.

Case of array variable 1 and array variable 2 not being the same type of numerical value array

Please specify the same type of array, whether byte, character, integer, or floating point number, in array variable 1 and array variable 2.

_____The acos function seeks the arc cosine of the value of an expression.

_____The units of the result are radians. By doing (radians * 180/3.14159), we can obtain an angle from the radians.

_____In a case where the value of an expression is smaller than -1 or larger than 1, the result becomes 0.0.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Floating point number
Character	Floating point number
Integer	Floating point number
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Floating point number

Please specify the numerical value item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

I Reference Section

_____The asin function seeks the arc sine of the value of an expression.

_____The units of the result are radians. By doing (radians * 180/3.14159), we can obtain an angle from the radians.

_____In a case where the value of an expression is smaller than -1 or larger than 1, the result becomes 0.0.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Floating point number
Character	Floating point number
Integer	Floating point number
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Floating point number

Please specify the numerical value item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

203

_____This searches in order elements with the same contents as an expression from among numerical value array variables, and then it returns those element numbers. In a case where there are no elements with the same contents, it returns an illegal value.

_____The range of searching begins from the element with the element number displayed in the start expression, and it extends to the number of elements shown in the length expression. In a case where the length expression is 0, it searches up to the end of the array. In a case where the length expression is a negative number, it searches only to the extent of the number of elements of (- length expression), in reverse order from the element number shown in the start expression.

_____For example, in a case where an array variable has been declared as VARIABLE array : I [100], asrch (array, 0, 10, 0) will search for an element for which the value is 10, in order from array [0]. In a case where an element whose value is 10 does not exist even though we search up to array [99] (the end of the array), it returns an illegal value. asrch (array, 5, 10, 15) searches in order from array [5] up array [19] (15th one). asrch (array, 15, 10, -5) searches in order from array [15] up array [11] (5th one).

_____

Argument	Return Value
Refer to explanation	Integer/illegal value

Please specify the integer item

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in start expression or the length expression.

Please specify the numerical value array

What can be specified in the array variable are byte, character, integer, and floating point number arrays only. Moreover, what can be specified in an expression are are bytes, characters, integers, and floating point numbers only.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an illegal argument in the built-in function

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in start expression or the length expression. Please specify an integer.

Moreover, in a case where the start expression is negative, or in a case a case where it is above the element number of an array variable, this error also occurs. Please confirm also whether the types of array variable and the expression are the same (refer to ' : ', p. 52).

There was an illegal reference to a state name

A segment has been specified in the array variable. What can be specified in array variables are byte, character, integer, and floating point number arrays only.

Case of a start expression or the length expression not being an integer

Please specify integers in the start expression and the length expression.

Case where the start expression is negative, case of being above the element number of the array variable

Please specify 0 or greater in the start expression, or a value less than the element number of the array variable.

Case of an array variable not being a numerical value array

Please specify an array of either bytes, characters, integers, or floating point numbers, in the array variable.

Case of the array variable and the expression types being different

Please specify an array variable of the same type for the array variable and the expression.

_____The atan function seeks the arc tangent value of an expression.

_____The units of the result are radians. By doing (radians * 180/3.14159), we can obtain an angle from the radians.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Floating point number
Character	Floating point number
Integer	Floating point number
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Floating point number

Please specify the numerical value item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

I Reference Section

_____The cos function seeks the cosine of the value of an expression.

_____The units of the value of the expression are radians. As for radians, we can calculate them as (angle * 3.14159/180).

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Floating point number
Character	Floating point number
Integer	Floating point number
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Floating point number

Please specify the numerical value item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

207

_____This returns the system time corresponding to a date array specified in an argument. When changes cannot be made, it returns an illegal value.

_____As for the date array, values that show the year, month, day, hour, minute, and second must be set in each element in a numerical value array that possesses 6 or more elements. Please set Japanese Standard Time (JST).

_____In a date array obtained with the tmdate function, numerical values such as the day of the week are set in the sixth element onward, but in a date array specified with the datetm function, these elements are ignored. The system time will be determined from the data of the 0〜5th elements.

_____

Array variable [0]	Year	(1985〜)
Array variable [1]	Month	(1〜12)
Array variable [2]	Day	(1〜31)
Array variable [3]	Hour	(0〜23)
Array variable [4]	Minute	(0〜59)
Array variable [5]	Second	(0〜59)

_____

_____The system time is an integer value that shows the number of seconds from January 1, 1985 0:00:00 GMT (January 1, 1985 9:00:00 JST).

_____

Argument	Return Value
Refer to explanation	Integer/illegal value

Please specify a numerical value array

Please specify a numerical value-type array (byte type, character type, integer type, floating point number type, general-purpose type).

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an illegal argument to a built-in function

The array elements are not numerical value type.

The number of array elements is insufficient.

Case of the array elements being 5 or below

The number of array elements is insufficient.

_____This function deletes "global name data" that have been made to appear in an argument's character string expression, and then it returns 0. In a case where the specified global name data do not exist, it returns an illegal value.

_____When you specify an empty character string or a character string that exceeds 8 characters, it will become an error, so please be careful.

_____Global name data are a variable in which only integer values can be stored, and they become common in the overall system. Things are made up so that we attach a name of up to 8 characters to global name data, and we can share the values with other microscripts and programs described in C language. Creating a global name can be carried out with the setgnm function, referencing it with getgnm function, and deleting it with the delgnm function, respectively.

_____When the script that executed the setgnm function finally terminates, the global name data are automatically deleted. For example, in a case where script 1 has done setgnm ("test", 0), and, continuing on, script 2 has done setgnm ("test", 1), the global data of "test" will not be deleted even if script 1 terminates, but the global data of "test" will be deleted when script 2 terminates.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Refer to explanation	Integer/illegal value

The SET format is illegal

When you want to use the delgnm function as a statement, please make it in the format of CALL delgnm ( ).

Please specify either a character string or a character array

A numerical value, segment, array section, etc., has been specified.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an item that is not a character string or character array

A numerical value, segment, array section, etc., has been specified. Please specify a character string or a character array.

There was an illegal argument in the built-in function

The argument is an empty character string.

Case where a numerical value, segment, array section, etc., has been specified

Please specify a character string or a character array.

Case where an argument is an empty character string

In a case where an argument is an empty character string, an illegal value returns.

_____The exp function seeks the power (value of the expression) of the base e of a natural logarithm. e is approximately 2.7182818285.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Floating point number
Character	Floating point number
Integer	Floating point number
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Floating point number

Please specify the integer item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

I Reference Section

_____The fabs function returns in floating point number type the absolute value of the value of an expression. What we call the absolute value is something where we have taken the code from the value of an expression, and it corresponds to max (expression, -expression).

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Floating point number
Character	Floating point number
Integer	Floating point number
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Floating point number

Please specify the numerical value item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

213

_____The floor function returns in a floating point number type the largest integer that does not exceed an expression. This corresponds to rounding down the decimal point and below in a case where an expression is a positive value, and it corresponds to rounding up the decimal point and below in a case where an expression is a negative value.

_____Bytes, characters, integers, and floating point numbers can be specified in the expression, and where rounding down/rounding up actually is carried out is only in the case of floating point numbers.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Floating point number
Character	Floating point number
Integer	Floating point number
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Floating point number

Please specify the numerical value item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

I Reference Section

_____This function takes out the contents of "global name data" expressed with a character string expression in an argument, and then returns it as an integer value. In a case where the specified global name data do not exist, an illegal value is returned. Of course, also in a case where an illegal value has been stored in global name data, an illegal value will be taken out.

_____When you specify an empty character string or a character string that exceeds 8 characters, it will be come an error, so please be careful.

_____Global name data are a variable in which only integer values can be stored, and they become common in the overall system. Things are made up so that we attach a name of up to 8 characters to global name data, and we can share the values with other microscripts and programs described in C language. Creating a global name can be carried out with the setgnm function, referencing it with getgnm function, and deleting it with the delgnm function, respectively.

_____When the script that executed the setgnm function finally terminates, the global name data are automatically deleted. For example, in a case where script 1 has done setgnm ("test", 0), and, continuing on, script 2 has done setgnm ("test", 1), the global data of "test" will not be deleted even if script 1 terminates, but the global data of "test" will be deleted when script 2 terminates.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Error (illegal value)
Character array	Integer/illegal value
Integer	Error (illegal value)
Floating point number	Error (illegal value)
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Error (illegal value)

Please specify the character string or character array

A numerical value, segment, array section, etc., has been specified.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an item that is not a character string or character array.

A numerical value, segment, array section, etc., has been specified. Please specify a character string or a character array.

There was an illegal argument in the built-in function

The argument is an empty character string.

Case where a numerical value, segment, array section, etc., has been specified

Please specify a character string or a character array.

Case where an argument is an empty character string

In a case where an argument is an empty character string, an illegal value returns.

215, 216

I Reference Section

_____The log function seeks the natural logarithm of the value of an expression. What we call a natural logarithm is, when we raise e (approximately 2.71828) to a power, seeking whether that becomes the value of an expression.

_____In a case where we have specified 0.0 in an expression, the result becomes -1E+300 (the largest negative number). In a case where we have specified a negative value in an expression, the result becomes an illegal value.

_____Please use the log10 function in seeking the common logarithm. Moreover, in a case where you are seeking a logarithm based on an arbitrary base, you can substitute by making it log (expression)/log (base) (please be careful, because there is the possibility a calculation error can occur).

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Floating point number
Character	Floating point number
Integer	Floating point number
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Floating point number

Please specify the integer item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is a negative value

When a negative value is specified in an expression, the result becomes an illegal value.

217

_____The log10 function seeks the common logarithm of the value of an expression. What we call a common logarithm is, when we raise 10 to a power, seeking whether that becomes the value of an expression.

_____In a case where we have specified 0.0 in an expression, the result becomes -1E+300 (the largest negative number). In a case where we have specified a negative value in an expression, the result becomes an illegal value.

_____Please use the log function in seeking the natural logarithm. Moreover, in a case where you are seeking a logarithm based on an arbitrary base, you can substitute by making it log10 (expression)/log10 (base) (please be careful, because there is the possibility a calculation error can occur).

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Floating point number
Character	Floating point number
Integer	Floating point number
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Floating point number

Please specify the integer item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is a negative value

When a negative value is specified in an expression, the result becomes an illegal value.

I Reference Section

_____The max function compares expression 1 and expression 2, and then returns the larger value (if expression 1 < expression 2, expression 2; if that's not the case, expression 1). Bytes characters, integers, and floating point numbers can be specified in the expressions; in the case of bytes, characters, and integers, the value is returned as an integer, and in the case floating point numbers, as a floating point number.

_____In a case where you would like to take out the largest thing from among three or more expressions, please make it in the manner of max (expression1, max (expression2, expression3)).

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Integer
Character	Integer
Integer	Integer
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Integer

Please specify the integer item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in an expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in an expression.

Case where there is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in an expression.

219

_____The min function compares expression 1 and expression 2, and then returns the smaller value (if expression 1 > expression 2, expression 2; if that's not the case, expression 1). Bytes characters, integers, and floating point numbers can be specified in the expressions; in the case of bytes, characters, and integers, the value is returned as an integer, and in the case floating point numbers, as a floating point number.

_____In a case where you would like to take out the smallest thing from among three or more expressions, please make it in the manner of min (expression1, min (expression2, expression3)).

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Integer
Character	Integer
Integer	Integer
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Integer

Please specify the integer item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in an expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in an expression.

Case where there is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in an expression.

I Reference Section

_____The number function investigates whether an expression is a numerical value or not. If an expression is a numerical value, it returns 1; if it isn't a numerical value, it returns 0.

_____What we call a numerical value is any value among the byte type, the character type, the integer type, and the floating point number type.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Integer
Character	Integer
Integer	Integer
Floating point number	Integer
Symbol	Integer
Segment name	Integer
Variable segment variable	Integer
Array variable	Integer
Illegal value	Integer

An array section cannot be specified

You cannot specify an array section in the expression.

221

_____The pow function returns expression 1 to the power of expression 2 in a floating point number. In a simple example, pow (3, 4) becomes 81.0 in 3x3x3x3.

_____In expression 1 and expression 2, bytes, characters, integers, and floating point numbers can be specified. In a case where expression 1 is 0 and expression 2 is 0 or negative, the result becomes 0.0. Moreover, also in a case where expression 1 is negative and expression 2 is not an integer (even if it's floating point number type, if the actual value is an integer, there will be no problem), the result becomes 0.0.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Floating point number
Character	Floating point number
Integer	Floating point number
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Floating point number

Please specify the integer item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

I Reference Section

_____The round function returns in a floating point type a value in which the value of an expression has been rounded. 0.4 becomes 0.0, and 0.5 becomes 1.0. Also, -0.4 becomes 0.0, and -0.5 becomes -1.0.

_____Bytes, characters, integers, and floating point numbers can be specified in the expression, but only in the case of floating point numbers is rounding actually carried out.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Floating point number
Character	Floating point number
Integer	Floating point number
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Floating point number

Please specify the integer item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

223

_____This compares numerical value array variables with each other, and then it returns with an integer whether or not they match. In a case where array variable 1 is greater, it returns 1; in a case where array variable 2 is greater, it returns -1; and in a case where array variable 1 and array variable 2 match, it returns 0.

_____Differing with the acmp function, elements further to the rear than elements whose value is 0 are not compared. As for character strings, we can use the scmp function in comparing character strings with each other, because there is a 0 at the end.

_____For another explanation, please refer to the acmp function (p. 198).

_____

Argument	Return Value
Refer to explanation	Integer/illegal value

Please specify the integer item

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression.

Please specify a numerical value array

What can be specified in array variable 1 or array variable 2 are byte, character, integer, and floating point number arrays only.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an illegal argument in the built-in function

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression. Please specify an integer.

Moreover, this error occurs also in a case where the length expression, start expression 1, or start expression 2 is negative, or in a case where start expression 1 or start expression 2 are greater than the element number of an array variable. Please specify the length expression, start expression 1, or start expression 2 with 0 or a positive.

Please confirm also whether the types of array variable 1 and array variable 2 are the same (refer to p. 52 ':'), and whether or not you have specified a byte, character, integer, or floating point array.

There was an illegal reference to a state name

A segment has been specified in array variable 1 or array variable 2. What can be specified in an array variable are byte, character, integer, and floating point arrays only.

Case where start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression is not an integer

Please specify an integer in start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression.

Case where start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression is negative

Please specify start expression 1, or start expression 2, or the length expression with 0 or a positive.

Case of a start expression being greater than the element number of the array variable

Please specify a value less than the element number of the array variable in the start expression.

Case where array variable 1 or array variable 2 is not a numerical value array

Please specify an array, of either bytes, characters, integers, or floating point numbers, in array variable 1 or array variable 2.

_____This converts byte-type array variable 2 from ASCII, EUC, or Shift-JIS code to TRON Code, and then it substitutes those results into byte-type array variable 1. Actually, it returns the substituted element number (character number). It is necessary for array variable 1 to be character type, and array variable 2 to be byte type.

_____The comparison is carried out in order from the nth element "(beginning, 0)" of "start expression 1" of "array variable 1" and the nth element "(beginning, 0)" of "start expression 2" of "array variable 2." In a case where length expression > 0, it will convert in array variable 2 up to the extent of the byte number shown in the length expression. In a case where length expression = 0, it will convert up to the end. Furthermore, in a case where start expression 2 is not proper, there is the possibility that characters will be converted from midway from the middle of the zenkaku characters (2-byte characters) of the byte string stored in array variable 2, and thus, in this case, it cannot convert correctly.

_____We specify the conversion format with a character expression.

_____

's'	This converts from ASCII code, hankaku katakana (1-byte katakana characters), and Shift-JIS code. The hankaku katakana 'ｶﾞ' converts to 'ガ'.
'e'	This converts from ASCII code and EUC.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Refer to explanation	Integer/illegal value

The SET format is illegal

When you want to use the sconv function as a statement, please make it in the format of CALL sconv ( ).

Please specify the integer item

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in start expression 1, start expression 2, the length expression, or a character expression.

Please specify either a character string or a character array

What can be specified in array variable 1 is a character array only.

Please specify a byte array

What can be specified in array variable 2 is a byte array only.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an illegal argument in the built-in function

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression. Please specify an integer.

Moreover, this error occurs also in a case where the length expression, start expression 1, or start expression 2 is negative, or in a case where start expression 1 or start expression 2 are greater than the element number of an array variable. Please specify the length expression, start expression 1, or start expression 2 with 0 or a positive.

Please confirm also whether or not a character array has been specified in array variable 1 and a byte array in array variable 2.

Please confirm also that the character expression is either s or e.

There was an illegal reference to a state name

A segment has been specified in array variable 1 or array variable 2. Please specify a character array in array variable 1, and a byte array in array variable 2.

Case where start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression is not an integer

Please specify an integer in start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression.

Case where the length expression, start expression 1, or start expression 2 is negative

Please specify the length expression, start expression 1, or start expression 2 with 0 or a positive.

Case of a start expression being greater than the element number of the array variable

Please specify a value less than the element number of the array variable in the start expression.

Case of array variable 1 not being a character array

Please specify a character array in array variable 1.

Case of array variable 2 not being a byte array

Please specify a byte array in array variable 2.

_____This makes the contents of "global name data" that appear in the character string expression of an argument into the contents of an expression. If the global name data of the specified name do not exist, it creates them anew, and if they already exist, it updates them. If an error does not occur, 0 returns.

_____If you specify an empty character string or a character string that exceeds 8 characters, it will become an error, so please be careful.

_____Global name data are variables in which only integer values can be stored, and they are common in the overall system. Things are made up so that we attach a name of up to 8 characters to global name data, and they can share values with other microscripts and programs described in C language. The creating, referencing, and deleting of a global name can respectively be carried out with the setgnm function, the getgnm function, and the delgnm function.

_____When the script that executed the setgnm function finally terminates, the global name data are automatically deleted. For example, in a case where script 1 has done setgnm ("test", 0), and, continuing on, script 2 has done setgnm ("test", 1), the global data of "test" will not be deleted even if script 1 terminates, but the global data of "test" will be deleted when script 2 terminates.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Refer to explanation	Integer/illegal value

The SET format is illegal

When you want to use the setgnm function as a statement, please make it in the format of CALL setgnm ( ).

Please specify either a character string or a character array

A numerical value, segment, array section, etc., has been specified in the character string expression.

Please specify the integer item

A floating point number, character string, symbol, segment, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an item that is not a character string or character array

A numerical value, segment, array section, etc., has been specified in the character string expression. Please specify a character string or a character array.

There was an illegal argument in the built-in function

The character string expression is an empty character string; or a floating point number, character string, symbol, segment, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where a numerical value, segment, array section, etc., has been specified in the character string expression

Please specify a character string or a character array in the character string expression.

Case where an argument is an empty character string

In a case where an argument is an empty character string, an illegal value returns.

Case where a floating point number, character string, symbol, segment, etc., has been specified in the expression

Please specify an integer in the expression.

_____The sin function seeks the sine of the value of an expression.

_____The units of the value of the expression are radians. As for radians, we can calculate them as (angle * 3.14159/180).

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Floating point number
Character	Floating point number
Integer	Floating point number
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Floating point number

Please specify the integer item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where there is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

I Reference Section

_____This looks through a numerical value array variable in order from the beginning, and then it returns the element number of the 0 element. If the contents do not have the 0 element, it returns an illegal value.

_____Because a character string has 0 at the end, we can use the slen function in seeking the length of a character string.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte array	Integer/illegal value
Character array	Integer/illegal value
Integer array	Integer/illegal value
Floating point number array	Integer/illegal value
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Error (illegal value)

Please specify the numerical value array

What can be specified in array variables are byte, character, integer, and floating point number arrays only.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an illegal reference to a state name

A segment has been specified in an array variable. What can be specified in array variables are byte, character, integer, and floating point number arrays only.

There was an illegal argument in the built-in function

What can be specified in array variables are byte, character, integer, and floating point number arrays only.

Case where an array variable is not a numerical value array

What can be specified in array variables are byte, character, integer, and floating point number arrays only.

231

_____The sqrt function seeks the square root of the value of an expression.

_____In a case where the value of an expression is smaller than 0, the result becomes 0.0.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Integer
Character	integer
Integer	Integer
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Integer

Please specify the integer item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

I Reference Section

_____This converts character-type array variable 2 from TRON Code into ASCII, EUC, or Shift-JIS, and then it substitutes those results into byte-type array variable 1. It returns the number of elements that are actually substituted. It is necessary for array variable 1 to be byte-type, and for array variable 2 to be character-type.

_____Conversion is carried out in order from the nth element "(beginning, 0)" of "start expression 1" of "array variable 1" and the nth element "(beginning, 0)" of "start expression 2" of "array variable 2." In a case where length expression > 0, it will convert in array variable 2 up to the extent of the character number shown in the length expression. In a case where length expression = 0, it will convert up to the end. Even in a case where midway through the conversion array variable 1 reaches the end, there will be no case of the type where only the front half of the zenkaku characters (2-byte characters) is substituted.

_____We specify the conversion format with a character expression. In all cases, Braille characters, auxiliary kanji, Chinese, and Korean will be ignored without being converted.

_____

'S'	This converts all characters into zenkaku characters of Shift-JIS code (2-byte characters). The Enter code becomes CR+LF.
's'	This converts characters that can be converted into ASCII code into ASCII code, and characters outside of those into zenkaku characters of Shift-JIS code (2-byte characters). The Enter code becomes CR+LF.
'k'	This converts characters that can be converted into ASCII code into ASCII code, characters that can be converted into hankaku katakana (1-byte katakana characters), and characters outside of those into zenkaku characters of Shift-JIS code (2-byte characters). 'ガ' becomes the two hankaku katakana characters 'ｶﾞ'. The Enter code becomes CR+LF.
'E'	This converts all characters into zenkaku characters of EUC (2-byte characters). The Enter code becomes LF.
'e'	This converts characters that can be converted into ASCII code into ASCII code, and characters outside of those into zenkaku characters of EUC (2-byte characters). The Enter code becomes LF.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Refer to explanation	Integer/illegal value

The SET format is illegal

When you want to use the srconv function as a statement, please make it in the format of CALL srconv ( ).

Please specify the integer item

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in start expression 1, start expression 2 ,or the length expression.

Please specify a byte array

What can be specified in array variable 1 is a byte array only.

Please specify either a character string or a character array

What can be specified in array variable 2 is a character array only.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an illegal argument in the built-in function

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression. Please specify an integer.

Moreover, in a case where start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression are negative, or in a case a case where start expression 1 or start expression 2 are greater then the element number of an array variable, this error also occurs. Please specify with 0 or a positive for the length expression, start expression 1, or start expression 2.

Please confirm also whether a byte array has been specified in array variable 1, and a character array in array variable 2.

Please confirm also that the character expressions are either S, s, k, E, or e.

There was an illegal reference to a state name

A segment has been specified in array variable 1 or array variable 2. Please specify a byte array in array variable 1, and a character array in array variable 2.

Case where start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression is not an integer

Please specify 0 or a positive integer in start expression 1, start expression 2, or the length expression.

Case of a start expression being greater than the element number of the array variable

Please specify a value less than the element number of the array variable in the start expression.

Case where the array variable type is not correct

Please specify a byte array in array variable 1, and a character array in array variable 2.

Case where a character expression is neither S, s, k, E, or e

Please specify either S, s, k, E, or e in the character expression.

233, 234

I Reference Section

_____This converts a character string into numerical values, and it returns the numerical values of the converted results. The numerical values correspond to integers, and floating point numbers.

_____The function looks through in order up to a maximum of 128 characters from the nth character "(beginning, 0)" of the character string or character array variable's "start expression," and it converts up to the spot that can be interpreted as numerical values. In a case where a termination variable name has been specified, it stores in the termination variable the character location at the time it terminated the conversion. In a case where Space, Tab or Enter is at the beginning, they are ignored, but in a case where Space, Tab or Enter is in the middle of the numerical values, the function terminates the conversion at that point. In a case where not even one character can be interpreted as a numerical value, the function returns 0.

_____The character expression specifies the format at the time we convert into numerical values. In a case where the character expression begins with '0x', the characters are converted hexadecimal integers, without regard to the character expression. In cases outside of that, we can specify numerical value formats, by means of specifying the following characters in the character expression.

_____

'd'	Decimal integer
'x'	Hexadecimal integer
'f'	Floating point number
' '	Decimal integer or floating point number

_____

_____As for ' ', in a case where the characters '.' or 'E' are in the middle of the numerical values, the numerical values become floating point numbers, and when that's not the case, they become decimal integers.

_____For example, the result of strnum ("123", 0, ' ', Variable) becomes the integer 123, and 3 is stored in Variable. The result of strnum ("123", 1, ' ', Variable) becomes the integer 23, and 3 is stored in Variable. The result of strnum ("abc123def", 3, ' ', Variable) becomes the integer 123, and 6 is stored in Variable. The result of strnum ("12.9", 0, 'f', Variable) becomes the integer 12.9, and 4 is stored in Variable. The result of strnum ("12.9", 0, 'd', Variable) becomes the integer 12, and 2 is stored in Variable. The result of strnum ("abc123def", 3, 'x', Variable) becomes the integer 0x123def, and 9 is stored in Variable.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Refer to explanation	Integer/illegal value

Please specify a character string or character array

A variable, array section, etc., other than character type has been specified in the character string expression.

Please specify the integer item

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in the start expression or the character string expression.

Please specify an integer variable

A floating point number-type or symbol-type variable; or a numerical value, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in the termination variable expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

Please specify the integer item

A floating point number, character string, segment, etc., has been specified in the start expression or the character expression.

Also, please confirm whether or not the start expression wasn't a negative value, or whether it hasn't exceeded the length of the character string expression.

There was an item that is not a character string or character array

A variable, array section, etc., other than character type has been specified in the character string expression.

Case where the character string expression is not a character string or character array

Please specify a character string or character array in the character string expression.

Case where the start expression or the character expression isn't an integer

Please specify an integer or character in the start expression or character expression.

Case where the start expression was a negative value or has exceeded the length of the character string expression

Please specify a value within the range of 0〜length of character string expression in the start expression.

235, 236

I Reference Section

_____The tan function seeks the tangent of the value of an expression.

_____The units of the value of the expression are radians. As for radians, we can calculate them as (angle * 3.14159/180).

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Floating point number
Character	Floating point number
Integer	Floating point number
Floating point number	Floating point number
Symbol	Error (illegal value)
Segment name	Error (illegal value)
Variable segment variable	Error (illegal value)
Array variable	Error (illegal value)
Illegal value	Floating point number

Please specify the numerical value item

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There is an item that is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

Case where an expression is not a numerical value

A segment, array, etc., has been specified in the expression.

237

_____This converts system time specified in an argument into the date and time, and it stores those into an array variable specified in the argument. When it has been able to convert normally, it returns 0, and when it has been unable to convert, it returns an illegal value.

_____

_____The system time is an integer value that shows the number of seconds from January 1, 1985 0:00:00 GMT (January 1, 1985 9:00:00 JST).

_____

_____The date and time are a row of nine integer values that show the year, month, day, hour, minute, second, week (week number from January 1), day of the week, and ordinal date (day number from January 1). The time is expressed in Japan Standard Time (JST).

_____

_____The array variable we specify as an argument specifies a numerical value array that possesses 9 or more elements. Normally, it specifies a character-type or integer-type array.

_____The values below are set in the array variable.

_____

Array variable [0]	Year	(1985〜)
Array variable [1]	Month	(1〜12)
Array variable [2]	Day	(1〜31)
Array variable [3]	Hour	(0〜23)
Array variable [4]	Minute	(0〜59)
Array variable [5]	Second	(0〜59)
Array variable [6]	Week	(1〜54)
Array variable [7]	Day of the week	(0: Sunday〜6: Saturday)
Array variable [8]	Ordinal date	(1〜366)

_____

The current system time can be referenced with the system variable $SYSTM.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Refer to explanation	Integer/illegal value

The SET format is illegal

When you want to use the tmdate function as a statement, please make it in the format of CALL tmdate ( ).

Please specify the integer item

Please specify the system time with an integer expression.

Please specify the numerical value array

Please specify a numerical value (byte type, character type, integer type, floating point number type, or general-purpose type) type array.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an illegal argument in the built-in function

For the array elements, 9 or more are necessary.

Case where the array variable elements are 8 or less

For the array elements, 9 or more are necessary.

_____The valid function checks whether or not an expression is illegal. It returns 0 if the expression is an illegal value, and 1 if it is not an illegal value.

_____In cases such as those where you have referenced an array by means of an illegal index, or in a case where some sort of abnormality has occurred at the calculation time of expressions or items, the result will become an illegal value. By using the valid function, we can judge whether or not it is illegal.

_____An illegal value is -2147483648(0x80000000), which is the smallest (negative) integer value.

_____Even if an abnormality does not occur at the calculation time of an expression, in a case where the value of the expression is the smallest integer value, the valid function will return 0.

_____

Argument	Return Value
Byte	Integer
Character	integer
Integer	Integer
Floating point number	Integer
Symbol	Integer
Segment name	Integer
Variable segment variable	Integer
Array variable	Integer
Illegal value	Integer

An array section cannot be specified

Specifying an array section in the expression is not possible.

Errors that Occur During Execution (only in the case of DEBUG 1; refer to p. 39)

There was an array reference in an illegal index

Please ignore the error and continue. (Errors at the time of execution that involve evaluation of expressions of the type that return an illegal value are displayed regardless of the existence or nonexistence of the valid function.)